AutomaticSpeed Breaker On Requisite Speed Shahbaz Khan TanmaySharma Jigyasa Chadha B.Tech Scholar B.tech Scholar Asst. Prof (ECE)Email:[email protected] Email : s.
[email protected] Email: [email protected] HMR Institute of Technology and Management,Hamidpur, Delhi-110036,India Abstract—: It is aptly said that “SPEED THRILLS BUTKILLS”. Speed Breakers are concernedly used to reduce the speed effectively ofa moving vehicle but a manual speed breaker that is made on roads cost us interms of time as well as fuel. The idea behind the proposed project is to havean automatic speed breaker which works on the speed demand so that vehiclesshould be within speed limits at different zones of road. When a vehicle movesover a speed limit in a defined limit zone the automatic speed breaker willcome up the road obligating the person to slow down the vehicle and works as aflat surface when the speed of vehicle is within limits that helps to maintainthe average of vehicle as well as save fuel & time, the two importantaspects of life. The notion behind the intimation is to save fuel (which ispredicted to end in upcoming years) as well as to save time over speed-breakersand to reduce the effort of machine work.
When a person faces a speed breaker acar has to decelerate its speed almost to zero and have to accelerate it again toan average speed it was carried on before countering the speed breaker whichtends to increase in machinery efforts installed in car as well as costing usin terms of fuel and time already. Keywords—Speed-Breaker, IR sensors,ATMEL89S52(Microcontroller8051), LCD Display, Transreceiver(Tx,Rx) I. IntroductionWith the emergence of technology in everyfield, we have seen it on roads in a very minimal form be it of automaticstreetlights, generating electricity through the passing vehicle, generatingelectricity through speed breakers etc. The question arises-Why do we needthat. This is not need, its required.
Though I would say it’s a concern of halfa million people to save the fuel or to use minimal fuel minimum time and makevast use of that. So, taking consideration of this visualization I have beentrying to work on Speed-Breakers. Not just a speed-breaker as shown in figure(i), an automatic speed-breaker which lets us to save fuel time and yes givethe best results through that we can have a stable system in car and no need ofacceleration and deceleration. Theconcept behind this proposed work is to save fuel as every year 7937 cases ofaccidents have been reported in previous year and is seems to cross it in theyear 20171. Contrary to credence that accidents are caused by the defectiveroads it is to be noted that accidents are mainly caused by the carelessnessand avoiding speed-breakers by crossing the speed-breaker at off-roads.
Thewhole process can be automated by IR sensor which will transmits its all datato the speed-breaker which is placed at some particular distance as soon as thevehicle will cross one transmitter-receiver pair to another pair. Proclaimed it clearly we need this kind of technology for sure. (i) Manual Speed Breaker II. OBJECTIVEFor the proposedwork the objective behind this innovative work is:-· To reduce the speed ofa vehicle near some institution or organization if the vehicle is over speeding.· Keeping the movingvehicle speed unchanged if it’s speed is within limits.· Save time by unchangingits speed.· To maintain the mileageof vehicles in the time of today’s generation where fuel is both pricy as wellas ending.
· Reduce the machinerywork of deceleration and acceleration constantly over a breaker.· Make driver warnconstantly before the speed breaker about the installation of speed breaker bymeans of screen LCD or LED. III.
Devices & CircuitSpeed Breaker is designed by surface of semi-circle long metallicpipe. Two sensors are installed near the speed-breakers to receive the datafrom the transmitter-receiver pair that is installed at some distance and toincrease its height to work like speed breaker or remain as flat to road topass the vehicle accordingly. A. MicrocontrollerWithout microcontroller electronics is just like human being withoutbrain. Microcontroller plays not only a vital role in our project but ifmicrocontroller won’t be present our project won’t be cost effective, bulky anddifficult to carry. All the ease was made by the microcontroller which is lightcompact and easy to carry.
Here in this project we have used ATMEL 89S52controller which is a family member of 8051 based on INTEL microcontroller. B. IR SENSOR MODULE IR sensor stands for Infra-Red. This module contains twoparts-transmitter(Tx) & Receiver (Rx).
In embedded system it is used totransmit and receive signal between two devices. It doesn’t work like RF whichoperates in different operating frequencies with different operating range. AnEncoder Circuit & Decoder Circuit is attached along with the Transmitter& Receiver respectively to transmit & receive the message. IRtransmission is better than RF in many ways.
It is so because signals throughIR can travel through smaller distances and works in line of sight while RFdoesn’t operates in line-of-sight mode. Moreover, according to the need inproject IR seems to be a better option keeping in mind that both IR and RF haveits own advantage and disadvantage. Therefore, IR signals are used for thedesign of this project instead of RF sensor.
C. SEMI-CIRCLE LONG METALLIC PIPE IR sensor stands for Infra-Red. This module contains twoparts-transmitter(Tx) & Receiver (Rx).In embedded system it is used totransmit and receive signal between two devices. It doesn’t work like RF whichoperates in different operating frequencies with different operating range. AnEncoder Circuit & Decoder Circuit is attached along with the Transmitter& Receiver respectively to transmit & receive the message.
IRtransmission is better than RF in many ways. It is so because signals throughIR can travel through smaller distances and works in line of sight while RFdoesn’t operates in line-of-sight mode. Moreover, according to the need inproject IR seems to be a better option keeping in mind that both IR and RF haveits own advantage and disadvantage. Therefore, IR signals are used for thedesign of this project instead of RF sensor. (ii)Semi-Circle Long Metallic Pipe CoveredWith Black PaintD. LCD/LED DISPLAYWhile the automatic speed breaker is installed it must be kept inmind that proper instructions should be provided to vehicle driver so as toavoid any kind of mishappening on the roads. Therefore for that we have to usea signal board which cautions the driver that automatic speed breaker isinstalled right away and you have to maintain the speed limits.
For the projectto cost-effective a signal boad made up of cardboard is used but if we haveenough finance than we can also use an LCD/LED display which can not only be used for cautionadvisory but also different kind of information like weather temp date time andimportant messages like how much do you save fuel and time when you keep it inspeed limit and how a constant speed makes a better mileage of car. (iii) LCD 2×16 IV. HOW IT WORKS We have transmitter-receiver pair installed at some distance farfrom speed breaker. By means of calculation of speed distance and time we willset a reference time between each transmitter receiver pair. Whenever avehicles passes through the pair of transmitter receiver to another pair oftransmitter receiver a time is recorded.
If the time is greater than thereference time it means speed is slow so breaker acts flat on a road and when avehicle passes through the transmitter receiver pair again the time is recordedand when compared to reference time if it took less than reference time than itworks as a speed breaker so vehicle has to considerably reduce its speed so asto avoid any accident. The transmitter receiver pair is used here is IR sensor which worksin a line of sight and which helps us to transmit the data that something ispassed over it whenever a vehicle cuts its intercept of transmitter receiverpair and immediately send its data to the receiver end which is installed nearthe speed breaker and intercepts the data and make the long semi-circle pipework according to it to make it flat or to make it work like speed breaker.This helps in maintaining a good mileage of the vehicle and avoids any kind ofrashness in driving as well as maintaining the safety of driver, passenger andthe pedestrians also. V. Calculation’sBefore making any calculations we aregoing to assume some of the part. By assuming,· Vehicle passes overspeed breaker = 1000· Consider every IRsensor (Tx, Rx) pair is kept at every 0.02km.
· Consider the distancebetween the 1 pair of Tx,Rx and speed breaker is almost 0.2 km.· Consider the withinspeed limit near any institution is 30KM/Hr.We are doingcalculation over the project by assuming these calculations:-Consider thevehicle speed is to be maintained at 30KM/Hr which will be almost to 8.33mtr/sec which have to cross the (tx,rx) pair which is kept at distance of 20mtr each. So, Speed=Distance/TimeTherefore,8.33=20/TT=20/8.33=2.
4009 sec. So, referencetime has been kept at 2.4009 sec between each pair. Now, whenever a vehicle triesto pass it before the reference time the speed breaker will appear else it willbe flat on road. Consider a vehicle spend 2 sec of its timewhile crossing the speed-breaker. SO 2*1000=2000 sec averagely a day=0.55 hourin a day and almost 16.66 hour in a month.
This all record and calculation willincrease considerably when we get exact amount of data that how many vehiclepasses over the speed breaker in a day. Consider avehicle spend 2 ml of its fuel while crossing the speed-breaker. SO 2*1000=2000ml averagely a day=2 ltr in a day and almost 60 ltr in a month. This all recordand calculation will increase considerably when we get exact amount of datathat how many vehicle passes over the speed breaker in a day. VI. resultOn completion ofconcept of having an automatic speed breaker on speed demand using the EmbeddedSystem Tool it can been proclaimed that the idea is much innovative as well asvery much feasible and cost effective also to make as well as to maintain itabsolutely.
The concept behind this work is to maintain the average of thevehicle as well as safety of people who are working near organization as wellas to save time for both vehicles as well as people. The microcontroller usedhere is very important not only in this project but has also variety and widerange of aspects and uses. Without microcontroller electronics is nothing justa box. Whereas in the demo project we can clearly conclude that the speed canbe effectively reduced of speedy vehicle maintaining people safety as well asto maintain the average and not only this it helps to reduce the machinery workof accelerator and brakes. The working demo of the projects is very charmingfeasible and realistic and there would be no problem in implementing thisproject as a physical work. (iv) Graph ofsaved fuel; With v/s Without ASB(v) Graph ofsaved time; With v/s Without ASB VII.
conclusionThus by making this project we caneasily conclude that this project is feasible, futuristic project and takingconsiderations of all aspects it is determined to say that every day not only litersof fuel and time is saved but also checks a good mileage of vehicle andeffortlessly reduces the machine work involved in the vehicle which makesmaintenance work less and just by installing a small project of automatic speedbreaker we can easily save money which we spend on fuel & maintenance whichin upcoming years going to be sky-high pricy and save time which can’t bepurchased at any cost and yes, in every aspect save so many lives in a day.From the above (i) graph we can easily conclude that how easily so much time issaved by just placing a small device on road which is also feasible. From theabove (ii) graph we can also conclude that in a year not only time but alsosave a lot of fuel just by maintaining the speed and not to over-speed yourvehicle so that automatic speed breaker works as a flat surface and doesn’tobstruct the speed of vehicle so to maintain the mileage and reduce the machinerywork involved. VIII.FUTURE ASPECTSAn impressive idea behind the project stimulates completely thatproject is not only feasible but introspects us that this project is ourfuture. In the world full of automated system from turning off T.
V. to turning onT.V. automatic machines like microwave washing machine why cannot a automaticspeed breaker be installed which can save lives as well as reduce machine workand maintain a good mileage in the pricy world where fuel prices are alreadyovershooting the sky.
The notion is so good with the project that anycomplexity associated with it is considered to be easy by taking the referenceof smartness of the virtue of notion. References1 Harikrishnan P.M., Varun P. Gopi, “Vehicle Vibration Signal Processing for Road Surface Monitoring”, SensorsJournal IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 5192-5197, 2017, ISSN 1530-437X2L.
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