Category: Culture and Education

What is translanguaging? What is the meaning of translanguaging form language and bilingualism point of view on the one hand, and for teaching and learning process and bilingual education on the other? Translanguaging is a new and evolving topic. Cen Williams Bilingual first used this Walsh word in the schools of Wales in 1980s and after publishing the two books, Baker’s Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (2011) and Ofelia Garc?a’s (2009a) Bilingual Education in the 21st Century, it achieved relative reputation. Baker (2011) in his book defined Translanguaging as “The process of making meaning, shaping experiences, gaining understanding and […]

What is communication? Communication, as defined bythe Meriam-Webster dictionary is an act or process of using words, sounds,signs, behaviors to express or exchange information to express ideas, thought,feelings etc. to someone else. A one form of the latter is talking.Communication, with its other form establishes human relationship. Eric Berne (1996; Cacho, Kawi and Versoza) proposedthat the 4 communication styles: assertive, passive, aggressive and lovingdepicts the ego states. An open family has an inclination of developing andmaintaining lifestyle that accentuates communication, patience and willingnessto reach out others. It falls under adult ego, which fosters assertivecommunication style (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2000). If […]

IntroductionOn the past twenty years, the Internet has become essential for the development, communication, and information seeking of the children.But at the same time, using the internet resulted in risks to children of doing some harms to both their physical and virtual world, like being groomed or lured in to sexual conversations or exploitation by adults, being bullied or harassed online ( Chile online safety-Global challenges and strategies-2011). While a majority of parents ( 59%) believe that the internet have a positive influence on their children (Rideout 2007), we cannot ignore the fact that the online child safety and protection […]

Bismarck??™s term as chancellor (1871-1890) of the German Empire endured numerous internal battles revolving around the power of the empire and its rulers. Disagreements regarding the appropriate power of the working class and the role of the church caused turbulence during Bismarck??™s term. Bismarck attempted to solve these internal conflicts by catering to each side of the argument at different times, but the disagreements resurfaced.The internal problems of the German Empire started with the delegation of votes. Bismarck and King Wilhelm I established the German Empire in 1871 and created a hierarchy of government for deciding the laws and conditions […]