Growing.evidence.from.culture,.animal,.and.clinical.models.suggests.that.the.flavonoid-rich.fruits.of.the.North.American.cranberry.and.blueberry.(Vaccinium.spp.).have.the.potential.ability.to.limit.the.development.and.severity.of.certain.cancers.and.vascular.diseases.including.atherosclerosis,.ischemic.stroke,.and.neurodegenerative.diseases.of.aging..The.fruits.contain.a.variety.of.phytochemicals.that.could.contribute.to.these.protective.effects,.including.flavonoids.such.as.anthocyanins,.flavonols,.and.proanthocyanidins;.substituted.cinnamic.acids.and.stilbenes;.and.triterpenoids.such.as.ursolic.acid.and.its.esters..Cranberry.and.blueberry.constituents.are.likely.to.act.by.mechanisms.that.counteract.oxidative.stress,.decrease.inflammation,.and.modulate.macromolecular.interactions.and.expression.of.genes.associated.with.disease.processes…(Catherine.C..Neto,2007).. who needs your kindness in all and avery

Growing.evidence.from.culture,.animal,.and.clinical.models.suggests.that.the.flavonoid-rich.fruits.of.the.North.American.cranberry.and.blueberry.(Vaccinium.spp.).have.the.potential.ability.to.limit.the.development.and.severity.of.certain.cancers.and.vascular.diseases.including.atherosclerosis,.ischemic.stroke,.and.neurodegenerative.diseases.of.aging..The.fruits.contain.a.variety.of.phytochemicals.that.could.contribute.to.these.protective.effects,.including.flavonoids.such.as.anthocyanins,.flavonols,.and.proanthocyanidins;.substituted.cinnamic.acids.and.stilbenes;.and.triterpenoids.such.as.ursolic.acid.and.its.esters..Cranberry.and.blueberry.constituents.are.likely.to.act.by.mechanisms.that.counteract.oxidative.stress,.decrease.inflammation,.and.modulate.macromolecular.interactions.and.expression.of.genes.associated.with.disease.processes…(Catherine.C..Neto,2007)..The.American.cranberry.(Vaccinium.macrocarpon).is.one.of.the.three.commercially.important.fruits.native.to.North.America..Cranberries.are.a.particularly.rich.source.of.phenolic.phytochemicals,.including.phenolic.acids.(benzoic,.hydroxycinnamic,.and.ellagic.acids).and.flavonoids.(anthocyanins,.flavonols,.and.flavan-3-ols)..A.growing.body.of.evidence.suggests.that.polyphenols,.including.those.found.in.cranberries,.may.contribute.to.reducing.the.risk.of.cardiovascular.disease.(CVD).by.increasing.the.resistance.ofLDL.to.oxidation,.inhibiting.platelet.aggregation,.reducing.blood.pressure,.and.via.other.anti-thrombotic.and.anti-inflammatory.mechanisms..(.Diane.L.McKay.et.Al.,.2007).Studies.employing.mainly.in.vitro.tumor.models.show.that.extracts.and.compounds.isolated.from.cranberry.fruit.(Vaccinium.macrocarpon).inhibit.the.growth.and.proliferation.of.several.types.of.tumor.including.breast,.colon,.prostate,.and.lung..Proanthocyanidin.oligomers,.flavonol.and.anthocyanin.glycosides.and.triterpenoids.are.all.likely.contributors.to.the.observed.anticancer.properties.and.may.act.in.a.complementary.fashion.to.limit.carcinogenesis..Possible.chemopreventive.mechanisms.of.action.by.cranberry.phytochemicals.include.induction.of.apoptosis.in.tumor.cells,.reduced.ornithine.decarboxylase.activity,.decreased.expression.of.matrix.metalloproteinases.associated.with.prostate.tumor.metastasis,.and.anti-inflammatory.activities.including.inhibition.of.cyclooxygenases..(Catherine.C…Neto.et.Al.,.2008.)..Berries.are.a.good.source.of.polyphenols,.especially.anthocyanins,.micronutrients,.and.fiber..In.epidemiological.and.clinical.studies,.these.constituents.have.been.associated.with.improved.cardiovascular.risk.profiles..Human.intervention.studies.using.chokeberries,.cranberries,.blueberries,.and.strawberries.(either.fresh,.or.as.juice,.or.freeze-dried),.or.purified.anthocyanin.extracts.have.demonstrated.significant.improvements.in.LDL.oxidation,.lipid.peroxidation,.total.plasma.antioxidant.capacity,.dyslipidemia,.and.glucose.metabolism..Benefits.were.seen.in.healthy.subjects.and.in.those.with.existing.metabolic.risk.factors..Underlying.mechanisms.for.these.beneficial.effects.are.believed.to.include.upregulation.of.endothelial.nitric.oxide.synthase,.decreased.activities.of.carbohydrate.digestive.enzymes,.decreased.oxidative.stress,.and.inhibition.of.inflammatory.gene.expression.and.foam.cell.formation..(.Arpita.Basu.et.Al.,.2014)..Overwhelming.evidence.suggests.that.edible.small.and.soft-fleshed.berry.fruits.may.have.beneficial.effects.against.several.types.of.human.cancers..The.anticancer.potential.of.berries.has.been.related,.at.least.in.part,.to.a.multitude.of.bioactive.phytochemicals.that.these.colorful.fruits.contain,.including.polyphenols.(flavonoids,.proanthocyanidins,.ellagitannins,.gallotannins,.phenolic.acids),.stilbenoids,.lignans,.and.triterpenoids..Studies.show.that.the.anticancer.effects.of.berry.bioactives.are.partially.mediated.through.their.abilities.to.counteract,.reduce,.and.also.repair.damage.resulting.from.oxidative.stress.and.inflammation..In.addition,.berry.bioactives.also.regulate.carcinogen.and.xenobiotic.metabolizing.enzymes,.various.transcription.and.growth.factors,.inflammatory.cytokines,.and.subcellular.signaling.pathways.of.cancer.cell.proliferation,.apoptosis,.and.tumor.angiogenesis..Berry.phytochemicals.may.also.potentially.sensitize.tumor.cells.to.chemotherapeutic.agents.by.inhibiting.pathways.that.lead.to.treatment.resistance,.and.berry.fruit.consumption.may.provide.protection.from.therapy-associated.toxicities..Although.a.wide.variety.of.berry.fruits.are.consumed.worldwide,.this.paper.focuses.on)..Consumption.of.a.diet.high.in.plant-based.foods.is.associated.with.a.decreased.risk.of.epithelial.cell.cancers.at.several.sites..Cytoprotectants.in.fruits.and.vegetables.include.vitamins,.minerals.and.numerous.micronutrients..While.there.is.little.evidence.uniquely.linking.berry.consumption.with.lower.cancer.risk,.berries.contain.high.levels.of.compounds.believed.to.reduce.malignant.transformation,.including.the.polyphenol.flavonoids.and.anthocyanins..There.is.strong.and.convincing.evidence.that.berry.extracts.and.berry.phytochemicals.modulate.biomarkers.of.DNA.damage.and.indicators.of.malignant.transformation.in.vitro.and.in.vivo..Data.from.numerous.cell.culture.and.animal.models.indicate.that.berry.components.such.as.the.anthocyanins.are.potent.anticarcinogenic.agents.and.are.protective.against.genomic.instability.at.several.sites.in.the.carcinogenic.pathway..Anticarcinogenic.mechanisms.include.modulation.of.carcinogen.activation.and.detoxification,.decreased.DNA.binding.of.the.carcinogen,.inhibition.of.oxidative.DNA.damage,.alteration.in.cell.signalling.and.malignant.transformation.and.inhibition.of.cell.invasiveness.and.metastasis..(Susan.J.Duthie.,.2007)…Berry.fruits.are.widely.consumed.in.our.diet.and.have.attracted.much.attention.due.to.their.potential.human.health.benefits..Berries.contain.a.diverse.range.of.phytochemicals.with.biological.properties.such.as.antioxidant,.anticancer,.anti-neurodegerative,.and.anti-inflammatory.activities..In.the.current.study,.extracts.of.six.popularly.consumed.berriesblackberry,.black.raspberry,.blueberry,.cranberry,.red.raspberry.and.strawberrywere.evaluated.for.their.phenolic.constituents.using.high.performance.liquid.chromatography.with.ultraviolet.(HPLC-UV).and.electrospray.ionization.mass.spectrometry.(LC-ESI-MS).detection..The.major.classes.of.berry.phenolics.were.anthocyanins,.flavonols,.flavanols,.ellagitannins,.gallotannins,.proanthocyanidins,.and.phenolic.acids..The.berry.extracts.were.evaluated.for.their.ability.to.inhibit.the.growth.of.human.oral.(KB,.CAL-27),.breast.(MCF-7),.colon.(HT-29,.HCT116),.and.prostate.(LNCaP).tumor.cell.lines.at.concentrations.ranging.from.25.to.200.?g/mL..With.increasing.concentration.of.berry.extract,.increasing.inhibition.of.cell.proliferation.in.all.of.the.cell.lines.were.observed,.with.different.degrees.of.potency.between.cell.lines..The.berry.extracts.were.also.evaluated.for.their.ability.to.stimulate.apoptosis.of.the.COX-2.expressing.colon.cancer.cell.line,.HT-29..Black.raspberry.and.strawberry.extracts.showed.the.most.significant.pro-apoptotic.effects.against.this.cell.line..(.Navindra.P..Seeram.,.2006)…While.it.is.widely.accepted.that.fruit.and.vegetables.(F&V).lower.the.risk.of.cancer,.and.cardiovascular.disease.(CVD),.the.role.of.pure.fruit.and.vegetable.(PFV).juices.is.often.downplayed..This.review.poses.two.questions:.Are.the.protective.benefits.of.F&V.dependent.upon.constituents.lacking.in.PFV.juices.(e.g..fibre)?.Do.PFV.juices.impact.on.disease.risk.when.considered.separately.from.F&V?.Studies.comparing.the.effects.of.fibre.and.antioxidants.were.reviewed,.yielding.the.finding.that.the.impact.of.F&V.may.relate.more.strongly.to.antioxidants,.than.to.fibre..For.the.second.question,.high-quality.published.studies.that.considered.PFV.juices.were.reviewed..The.impact.of.PFV.juices.on.cancer.risk.was.weakly.positive,.although.a.lack.of.human.data.and.contradictory.findings.hampered.conclusions..For.CVD,.there.was.convincing.evidence.from.epidemiological.and.clinical.studies.that.PFV.juices.reduced.risk.via.a.number.of.probable.mechanisms..(Carrie.H.S.Ruxton.et.Al.,.2009.)..Cancer-protective.factors.are.present.in.several.fruits,.vegetables.and.commonly.used.spices.and.herbs..They.can.be.divided.into.several.different.groups,.based.on.their.chemical.structure,.e.g..polyphenols,.thiols,.carotenoids.and.retinoids,.carbohydrates,.trace.metals,.terpenes,.tocopherols.and.degradation.products.of.glucosinolates.(i.e..isothiocyanates,.indoles.and.dithiothiols).and.others..Among.each.of.these.groups.of.compounds.are.substances,.which.may.exert.their.cancer-protective.action.by.more.than.one.biochemical.mechanism.The.biochemical.processes.of.carcinogenesis.are.still.not.known.in.detail.and.probably.varies.with.the.cancer.disease.in.question..Accordingly,.the.description.of.the.biochemical.backgrounds.for.the.actions.of.cancer-protective.factors.must.be.based.on.a.simplified.model.of.the.process.of.carcinogenesis..The.model.used.in.this.presentation.is.a.generalised.initiation-promotion-conversion.model,.in.which.initiators.are.thought.to.be.directly.or.indirectly.genotoxic,.promoters.are.visualised.as.substances.capable.of.inferring.a.growth.advantage.on.initiated.cells.and.converters.are.believed.to.be.genotoxic,.e.g..mutagens,.clastogens,.recombinogens.or.the.like.Experimental.evidence.for.the.mechanisms.of.action.of.cancer-protective.agents.in.fruits.and.vegetables.that.protect.against.initiation.include.the.scavenging.effects.of.polyphenols.on.activated.mutagens.and.carcinogens,.the.quenching.of.singlet.oxygen.and.radicals.by.carotenoids,.the.antioxidant.effects.of.many.compounds.including.ascorbic.acid.and.polyphenols,.the.inhibition.of.activating.enzymes.by.some.flavonols.and.tannins,.the.induction.of.oxidation-and.of.conjugation.(protective).enzymes.by.indoles,.isothiocyanates.and.dithiothiones,.the.shielding.of.sensitive.structures.by.some.polyphenols.and.the.stimulation.of.DNA-repair.exerted.by.sulphur-containing.compounds.Mechanisms.at.the.biochemical.level.in.anti-promotion.include.the.antioxidant.effects.of.carotenoids.and.the.membrane.stabilizing.effects.reported.with.polyphenols,.the.inhibition.of.proteases.caused.by.compounds.from.soybeans,.the.stimulation.of.immune.responses.seen.with.carotenoids.and.ascorbic.acid.and.the.inhibition.of.ornithine.decarboxylase.by.polyphenols.and.carotenoids..(Dragsted.et.al.,.1993)..Epidemiological.evidence.suggests.that.polyphenols.may,.in.part,.explain.the.cardioprotective.properties.of.fruits..This.review.aims.to.summarise.the.evidence.for.the.effects.of.fruit.polyphenols.on.four.risk.factors.of.CVD:.platelet.function,.blood.pressure,.vascular.function.and.blood.lipids..This.review.includes.human.dietary.intervention.studies.investigating.fruits.and.their.polyphenols..There.was.some.evidence.to.suggest.that.fruits.containing.relatively.high.concentrations.of.flavonols,.anthocyanins.and.procyanindins,.such.as.pomegranate,.purple.grapes.and.berries,.were.effective.at.reducing.CVD.risk.factors,.particularly.with.respect.to.anti-hypertensive.effects,.inhibition.of.platelet.aggregation.and.increasing.endothelial-dependent.vasodilation.than.other.fruits.investigated..Flavanone-rich.fruits,.such.as.oranges.and.grapefruits,.were.reported.to.have.hypocholesterolaemic.effects,.with.little.impact.on.other.risk.factors.being.examined..However,.the.evidence.was.limited,.inconsistent.and.often.inconclusive..This.is.in.part.due.to.the.heterogeneity.in.the.design.of.studies,.the.lack.of.controls,.the.relatively.short.intervention.periods.and.low.power.in.several.studies..Details.of.the.polyphenol.content.of.the.fruits.investigated.were.also.omitted.in.some.studies,.negating.comparison.of.data..It.is.recommended.that.large,.well-powered,.long-term.human.dietary.intervention.studies.investigating.a.wider.range.of.fruits.are.required.to.confirm.these.observations..(Marry.F.F.- i am the only boy in this room who needs your kindness in all and avery mattaer.